Fundamental duties
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India ---
(a). to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b). to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c). to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d). to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so ;
(e). to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities ; to renounce practice derogatory to the dignity or woman ;
(f). to value and preserve the rich hear of our composite culture ;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;
(h). to develop the scientific temper , humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform ;
(i). to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j). to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement ;
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for to his child or , as the case may be , ward between the age of six to fourteen years.
(a). to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b). to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c). to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d). to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so ;
(e). to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities ; to renounce practice derogatory to the dignity or woman ;
(f). to value and preserve the rich hear of our composite culture ;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;
(h). to develop the scientific temper , humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform ;
(i). to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j). to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement ;
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for to his child or , as the case may be , ward between the age of six to fourteen years.
Freedom of trade , commerce and intercourse . ----
Subject to the other provisions of this Part ,trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory and India shall be free.
Power of the Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse . ---
Parliament may be law impose such restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce of intercourse between one State and another or within any part of the territory of India as may be required in the public interest .
Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce .-----
(1). Notwithstanding anything in article 302, neither Parliament nor the Legislature of a State shall have power to make any law giving ,or making ,or authorising the making of, any discrimination between one State and another ,by virtue of any entry relating to trade and can in any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule.
(2). Nothing in clause (1) shall prevent Parliament from making any law giving, or authorising the giving of , any preference or making ,or authorising the making of, any discrimination if it declared by such law that it is necessary to do so for the purpose of dealing with a situation arising from scarcity of goods in any part the territory of India.
(2). Nothing in clause (1) shall prevent Parliament from making any law giving, or authorising the giving of , any preference or making ,or authorising the making of, any discrimination if it declared by such law that it is necessary to do so for the purpose of dealing with a situation arising from scarcity of goods in any part the territory of India.
Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States. ---
Notwithstanding anything in article 301 or article 303 , the Legislature of a State may be law ----
(a). Impose on goods imported from other State any tax to which similar goods manufactured or produced in that State are goods so imported and goods so manufactured or produced.
(b). Impose such reasonable restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce or intercourse with or within that State as may be required in the public interest:
Provided that no Bill or amendment for the for the purposes of clause (b) shall be introduced or moved in the Legislative of a State without the previous sanction of the President.
(a). Impose on goods imported from other State any tax to which similar goods manufactured or produced in that State are goods so imported and goods so manufactured or produced.
(b). Impose such reasonable restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce or intercourse with or within that State as may be required in the public interest:
Provided that no Bill or amendment for the for the purposes of clause (b) shall be introduced or moved in the Legislative of a State without the previous sanction of the President.
Saving of exiting laws and laws providing for State monopolies .---
Nothing in articles 301 and 303 shall the affect the provisions of any existing law except in so far as the President may be order otherwise direct; and nothing in article 301 shall affect the operation of any law made before the commencement of the Constitution Act, 1955, in so far as it relates to, or prevent Parliament or the Legislature of a State from making any law relating to, any such matter as is referred to in sub - clause 2 of article 19.
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