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Official language of the Union. -   (1). The official language of the Union shall be  Hindi Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals. (2). Notwithstanding anything in clause 1 ,for a Period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall Continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement: Provided that the President may ,during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union. (3). Notwithstanding anything in this article, Parliament may by law provide for the use, after the said period of fifteen years, of ---- (a).the English language, or (b).the Devanagari form of numer...

          LEGISLATIVE RELATION       Distribution of Legislative Powers Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States. ---                                                                                                                                                                  (1). Subject to provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India, and the Legislature of a State may laws for the whole or any part of the State. (2). No law m...

                          General   Definition Of The States In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires,  the expression "State" [ does not include the State of Jammu and Kashmir].                               THE EXECUTIVE     The Governor Governors of States. -- There shall be a Governor for each State: [Provided that nothing in this article shall prevent the appointment of the same person as Governor for two or more States.] Executive power of State. --- (1). The executive power of the State shall be vested in the Governor and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution. (2). Nothing in this article shall -- (a). be deemed to transfer t...

Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission. ---  (1). The superintendence , direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for , and the conduct of, all election to Parliament and to the Legislature of every State and of ,all elections to the offices of President and vice - President held under this Constitution shall be vested in a commission. (2). The Election Commission shall consist of the Chief Election commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioner ,if any, as the President may from time to time fix and the appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners shall, subject to provisions of any law made in that behalf by Parliament, be made by the President. (3). When any other Election Commissioner is so appointed the Chief Election Commissioner shall Act as the the Chairman of the Election Commission. (4).Before each general election to the House of the People and to the...

Constitution of Parliament (1) there shall be a Parliament for the Union which shall consist of the President and two Houses to be know respectively as the Council of States and the House of the people. Composition of the Council of States . --                                                               The Council of States shall  consist of -- (a). twelve members to be nominated by the President in accordance with the provisions of clause(3). (b). not more than two hundred and thirty - eight representatives of the States. (2).The allocation of seats in the Council of States to be filled by representatives of the States shall be in accordance with the provisions in that behalf contained in the Fourth Schedule. (3). The members to be nominated by the President under sub -  clause (a) of clause (1) shall consist of persons ...

THE UNION JUDICIARY Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court .-- (1).There shall be Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of India and, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number, of not more than seven other Judges. (2). Every  Judge of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal and shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty - five years. [Provided that] - (a). a  Judge may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office; ( b). a Judge may be removed from his office in the manner provided in clause (3). A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court unless he is a citizen of India and -- (a). has been for at least five years a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such Court in succession; or (b). has been for at least ten years an advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession ; (c). is, in the opinion of the P...

COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR - GENERAL OF INDIA Comptroller and Auditor - General of India ---  (1). There shall of ba comptroller and Auditor - General of India who shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal and shall only be removed from office in like manner and on the like grounds as Judge of the Supreme Court. (2). Every person appointed to be the comptroller and Auditor - General of India shall , before he enters upon his office  make and subscribe before the President ,or some person appointed in that behalf by him , an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule. (3). The salary and other conditions of the service of Comptroller and Auditor - General shall be such as may be determined by Parliament by law and ,until they are so determined, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule. Provided that neither the salary  of a Comptroller and Auditor - General nor his right in respect of leave of absen...

THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA The President of India ---                                            There shall be a President of India. Executive power of the Union ---(1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officer subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution . (2). Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the Supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union shall be vested in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law . (3). Nothing in this article shall-- (a). be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any State or other authority; or (b). prevent Parliament from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President. Election of President. ---      ...

Fundamental duties  It shall be the duty of every citizen of India --- (a). to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National  Flag  and the National Anthem; (b). to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (c). to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d). to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so ; (e). to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities ; to renounce practice derogatory to the dignity or woman ; (f). to value and preserve the rich hear of our composite culture ; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; (h). to develop the scientific temper , humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform ; (i). to safeguard...

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY Application of the principles contained in this Part. -- The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people .---                  The State strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political , shall inform all the institutions of the national life. The State shall , in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status , facilities and opportunities ,not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different voca...

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (1). Right to Equality :                                        The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection o f the laws within the territory of India. Prohibition of discrimination on ground of religion, race, caste, sex, of place of birth. -- The State shall not discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability , restriction . Equality of opportunity in matter of public employment  --- There shall be Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matter related to employment or appointments to any office under the State. Abolition of untouchability --   "Untouchability " is the abolished and it's practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of " Untouchability"  shall be an off...